Johann Czermak

 Johann Czermak

Czermak was a Polish professor of physiology who was able to create the laryngoscope in the 1800s. Czermak was able to allow for physicians to be able to visualize the ears, nose, and throat of patients. We learn that the laryngoscope allows for the inner ear to be visualized to rule out infections of the ear. The throat can also be visualized to diagnose or rule out upper respiratory infections. With the invention of the laryngoscope, medicine was able to allow the learning of diagnosing diseases through inspection and visualization.

The laryngoscope created in 1857 was another medical invention that allowed for medicine to help patients (Technopoly page 100). The laryngoscope helps physicians rule out diseases described in measles, mumps, and rubeola, diphteria, and strep throat infections while also helping diagnose viral infections. Along with the stethoscope and opthalmoscope, medical inventions in the 1800s allowed the visualization and auscultation of the body to diagnose disease. 

We learn that the 1800s were important because of the medical innovations that allowed for medicine to help against disease. These medical creations helped improve the knowledge of medicine by allowing the study of exam findings that were introduced by the use of these new inventions. There are medical books that describe common exam findings through the use of the laryngoscope, stethoscope, and ophtalmoscope. 

We can persevere learning about medicine and microbiology while maintaing morality and ethics. We can appreciate learning something new everyday while keeping healthy skepticism about newer medications and "vaccines" (covid) that may not be helpful. We learn that we still do not know the source of the covid "virus" being that all viruses have a source or reservoir. We can keep learning while guarding ourselves from pseudo-science.

René Theophile Hyacinthe Laënnec

 René Theophile Hyacinthe Laënnec

Laënnec was a French physician in the 1800s who was able to create the stethoscope. The stethoscope is an important instrument that allows individuals to listen to the heart and abdominal sounds. The stethoscope was created to listen to the heart sounds and allow physicians to diagnose and rule out diseases. We learn that Laënnec created the stethoscope in 1816 in order to listen to the heart of a patient. The stethoscope along with the ophthalmoscope and laryngoscope have helped physicians diagnose disease in the physical exam.

We learn that Laënnec was able to have difficulty hearing the heart sounds of a patient and decided to roll up a paper into a cylinder and hear the heart sounds by placing one end of the paper into the patient's chest and the other end of the paper to his ear. After realizing that he could auscultate and listen to the heart sounds of a patient understanding how sound travels, Laënnec decided to create the stethoscope. 

In the 1800s, the stethoscope was able to help physicians diagnose tuberculosis. We learn that tuberculosis is a dangerous disease that severely affected individuals in the 1800s. We learn that diseases were able to be diagnosed with the help of the stethoscope. The stethoscope is able to hear the heart sounds. The heart can also produce abnormal sounds that are different from the healthy "lub dub" that is commonly heard when there is illness. The stethoscope can also hear the sound of the lungs and help diagnose respiratory illnesses.

The stethoscope can also help listen to the abdominal sounds to understand if the abdomen is healthy. For these specific reasons, the stethoscope became a great tool that can help diagnose disease or illness. In the 1800s, there were new medical inventions and also the understanding of germ theory. These medical inventions and understanding of microbiology and medical knowledge allowed great progress to be made against diseases. We can be grateful for the medical innovations and medical knowledge that allowed for the prevention of medical illness.

Hermann Van Helmholtz

 Hermann Van Helmholtz

In the 1800s, there was progress made in science due to the microscope and understanding of germ theory. We learn that Louis Pasteur along with Robert Koch and Paul Ehrlich allowed individuals to learn about the importance of microbiology and the scientific method. There were important medical discoveries made in the 1800s including new medical equipment described in the ophthalmoscope, laryngoscope, and stethoscope. 

Herman Van Helmholtz was able to create the ophthalmoscope that allows for the eyes to be viewed. The ophthalmoscope was created after the stethoscope and before the laryngoscope. The stethoscope allows individuals to hear heart beats and abdominal sounds while the laryngoscope allows for the ears and throat to be visualized with the help of technology. We learn that the ophthalmoscope allows for the optic nerve behind the eyes to be seen to rule out diseases of the brain. The ophthalmoscope was a new medical invention that allowed physicians to test their differential diagnosis and rule out disease. 

The 1800s allowed for new innovations in medicine to help diagnose and treat patients. We learn that there have been innovations in medicine in the past centuries. In 1850, Hermann van Helmholtz was able to create and develop the ophthalmoscope that is among the most recognized medical instruments of medicine. The ophthalmoscope can help visualize the optic nerves to make sure that there is no swelling or pathology in the brain.

We learn that medicine is a tool that can be used to help diagnose and treat patients, yet there is the need to have integrity and morals. We learn that there have been advances in medicine in the past centuries in medication with the discovery of penicillin, acetaminophen, and aspirin. We learn that the ophthalmoscope, stethoscope, and laryngoscope have helped in the physicial exam. There have been advances in imaging in ultrasounds and CT scans. Yet, we learn that with the advances of medicine, there is the need of ethics and morality. 

Louis Pasteur

 Louis Pasteur

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Louis Pasteur was a scientist and discoverer of the germ theory. We learn that Louis Pasteur was able to figure out the manner that germs caused sickness and that the process of producing milk from cows required heat to prevent sickness. We know that unpasteurized milk can cause sickness in individuals. We learn that milk first needed to be heated in order to remove any microbes or bacteria that can cause sickness. We know that this was during the 1800s that germ theory was discovered by Louis Pasteur.

We know that there have been myths and fake stories about how the Europeans knew that they had brought blankets covered with germs to the New World being that germ theory was not discovered until the 1800s. We know that Christopher Columbus discovered America in 1492. This describes that germ theory was not known at the time of the explorers in the 1500s. We know that they were seeking to preach to the New World so that individuals could accept and confess King Jesus Christ Eternal LORD and Savior, repent of sin, and obey the commandments to obtain eternal salvation in King Jesus Christ. We know that we are not supposed to believe temporary lies from false sources. We know that schools and churches were planted in the New World by missionaries that helped provide stability and serenity so that everyone could thrive and improve.

We learn that Louis Pasteur was able to discover the germ theory allowing us to know that there is bacteria, microorganisms, parasites, and fungi that exist that are microscopic. The only manner to view the microorganisms is through the help of microscopes and lenses. We know that the microbiome of individuals consist of many different microorganisms and bacteria. Some are helpful and others that are not. However this was not discovered after the 1800s. We learn that germ theory allows us to know about the importance of science while at the same time knowing that we prioritize the worship of GOD Almighty. We know that while science can help explain specific questions, we know that science is flawed and not perfect. We know that science can not explain everything because it is not perfect. We know that GOD Almighty is perfect and helps us know that we need to have faith in GOD Almighty to help us persevere. 

We know that in these times we can learn about science while at the same time having healthy skepticism due to the questions that have surfaced concerning covid "vaccines", the efficacy, the number of vaccinations needed to be considered "fully vaccinated", the source of the covid "virus", the source of the covid "variants", the need to vaccinate when the vaccine was created in nine months without having 8-10 years of research, and the side effects of the vaccine. We know that there are a large number of questions that allow us to practice healthy scientific skepticism while trusting in GOD Almighty above everything. We know that we can learn about science without letting science be everything. 

Louis Pasteur Discovered That the Fermentation Process of Beer and Wine is Caused by Microorganisms and Helped Discover Bacteria in the Silk Industry

“In the second half of the nineteenth century, medical science took a giant leap forward. Microbiology, the study of infectious microorganisms, or germs, began shortly after Louis Pasteur accepted a position as chair of the department of chemistry at the University of Lille, in the north of France. The local industry relied upon the precise harnessing of fermentation in the production of beer and wine, and the making of alcohol from beet juice. Pasteur's work on the industrial problems associated with fermentation was caused by live organisms. Pasteur also discovered the difference between yeast, which appeared round when viewed through a microscope and turned out to be essential for fermentation, and bacteria, which appeared rod shaped under the microscope and turned out to be responsible for “souring” the beer.”- Overdo$ed America (page 194)

Louis Pasteur was able to discover that the fermentation process of beer and of wine is caused by a yeast. Louis Pasteur was able to understand that live microorganisms were responsible for the process of making beer and wine. We learn that this was discovered in the 1800s. Louis Pasteur is considered one of the best microbiologists in the 19th century because he was able to discover the mechanism behind fermentation that leads to the production of beer and wine, vaccines for anthrax in cattle and rabies in humans, and also discover that a bacteria was responsible for the silk industries difficulties.

We learn that Louis Pasteur would also be able to discover that the problems that were occuring in the silk business was because of a bacteria that was affecting the silk worms. Silk worms are able to spin silk and are important for the creation of silk items. Louis Pasteur was able to deduce through the scientific method that the reason that the silk worms were unable to produce silk was due to illness caused by a bacteria. 

Louis Pasteur Discovered Germ Theory and Created Vaccines in the 1800s

"He went on to develop an anthrax vaccine, made from a weakened strain of the disease that caused only a mild illness, but then protected vaccinated sheep and cattle from getting the full blown disease."- (page 194)

The industriousness and discipline of Louis Pasteur allowed him to discover an understanding of the germ theory in the 1800s. Louis Pasteur was able to discover the reason that cows were getting sick in France. Louis Pasteur was able to learn that anthrax was a bacteria that caused sickness in cattle. Louis Pasteur was able to create a vaccine that could innoculate cattle from developing the disease based on the bacteria. This describes how science can be used for good and how vaccines were created in the 1800s to prevent disease.

Louis Pasteur was then able to create a vaccine against the rabies virus in the 1800s. Louis Pasteur was able to gather tissue from rabid rabbits, air dry them, and develop vaccinations. There was an individual that was bitten by a rabid dog and Louis Pasteur innoculated the individual with the rabies vaccine. The individual survived. Louis Pasteur went on to treat more than 2,000 people with rabies and only one person died. This is astounding being that Louis Pasteur created the vaccine in the 1800s, discovered germ theory, and still made a vaccine against anthrax bacteria. Louis Pasteur is considered one of the greatest microbiologists of all times. 

Paul Ehrlich

 Paul Ehrlich

Paul Ehrlich was a German physician who was the assistant of Robert Koch. Paul Ehrlich was able to know about Koch's postulate and was able to discover the cause of malaria and sleeping sickness. Malaria is caused by a virus found in mosquitos. There are different kinds of malaria that exist and are transmitted by the bite of a mosquito. We learn that this was discovered in the 1800s. Paul Ehrlich also discovered that the sleeping sickness is caused by the bite of the tse-tse fly that transmits a virus. 

We learn that germ theory allowed individuals to know that diseases are caused by bacteria, viruses, fungi, and microorganisms. With the understanding of the germ theory, there were new medications created and methods to prevent disease. The germ theory describes the importance of utilizing science for good. We have learned that science can be used for good and for the betterment of society.

However, we learn that science is a tool that can be misused. We can decide to persevere knowing the difference between real science and pseudo-science. We know that there have been improvements in medicine in the past due to the integrity and ethics of scientists. We can persevere learning about science so that we can avoid pseudo-science, medications, and vaccines that may not actually help.

We learn that there have been great scientists including Louis Pasteur, Robert Koch, Paul Ehrlich, Dr. Jonas Salks, and Dr. Albert Sabin. We can learn about biology, chemistry, physics, and medicine so that we know real science from fake science. This is also important due to the amount of information that is being produced. We learn that we need to persevere with gratitude for the advances in science treatments and disease prevention that have been discovered over hundreds of years while remaining skeptical about newer medication and vaccines that may not actually be beneficial to our health.

Robert Koch

Robert Koch 

Along with Louis Pasteur, Robert Koch was a German physician who was able to describe further information about germ theory in the 1800s. We learn that Koch was able to create a postulate that describes how bacteria and germs can be transmitted from person to person. Koch was able to describe how there are microorganisms that can cause sickness. Louis Pasteur was able to describe that the bacteria anthrax was the cause of the sicknesses that were affecting the cattle in the 1800s in France.

Koch was able to find out greater information about microorganisms and the manner that they are transmitted. Robert Koch was able to discover that the cause of the disease tuberculosis was a bacteria, the tubercle bacillus. Koch was able to go on to describe microorganisms that caused several diseases including cholera, typhoid, and diphtheria. Based on Robert Koch's findings, treatments and  methods of preventing diseases were able to be discovered for specific diseases. 

Robert Koch's postulate describes that microorganisms like the tuberculosis bacteria can be extracted from infected tissue, grown in culture, cause the disease when injected in lab animals, be extracted from the lab animals, and be grown again in culture. These steps describe Koch's postulate that allow scientists to know if a certain microorganism is the cause of disease. We learn that Robert Koch was able to discover the cause of some diseases and helped obtain greater information about germ theory in 1882 (page 195) of the book Overdo$ed America. 

Germ theory was not known before the 1800s. These improvements in scientific knowledge allowed individuals to create medications and describe methods of preventing disease. However we know that this was not known until the 1800s. This knowledge allows us to know that the Pilgrims could not have known that they were carriers of specific microorganisms in the 1500s and refutes the lies told by post-modern and socialist propaganda.